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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36981593

RESUMO

Health inequities exist in groups of greater psychosocial vulnerability such as emerging adults and migrants. The study aimed to generate evidence of the validity of the mental and physical health symptomatology scale in two samples of vulnerable groups: emerging university adults, who report high levels of mental health problems, and migrants, who report high levels of physical and mental health problems. Using non-probability sampling, in the first study, evidence of construct validity of the scale was reported in 652 emerging adults and, in the second, evidence of validity was provided from associations with the depression, stress and anxiety scale (DASS-21) among 283 migrants. The results indicate that in Study 1 the two-factor model had adequate indicators of fit and adequate reliability; only the mental health factor presented evidence of convergent validity. In Study 2, the mental health factor showed positive and large associations with the DASS-21, which decreased when the physical health symptoms factor was considered. These analyses provide evidence of validity for the scale, which is an easy-to-use instrument that allows for the assessment of health from an integral perspective.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Adulto , Chile/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Exame Físico , Depressão/psicologia
2.
Psicol. conduct ; 30(1): 203-222, abr. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-204158

RESUMO

Los estudiantes universitarios presentan una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales y bajos niveles de búsqueda de ayuda por problemas psicológicos. En Chile no existen instrumentos válidos y fiables que permitan medir la intención de buscar ayuda en este grupo. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas del “Cuestionario general de búsqueda de ayuda, versión viñeta” (GHSQ-V) en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Chile. Los resultados indican que el GHSQ-V es un instrumento válido, con una estructura bifactorial que refleja la existencia de dos dimensiones de fuentes de ayuda (formal e informal), frente a cinco problemas de salud mental prevalentes en universitarios. Pese a que se observó cierta variabilidad entre subescalas, se encontraron adecuados niveles de consistencia interna y validez convergente. El presente estudio reafirma la relevancia de la adecuada medición de la intención de búsqueda de ayuda en estudiantes universitarios, lo que contribuye a la comprensión de un proceso altamente relevante para el tratamiento de los problemas de salud mental en este grupo.


University students show a high prevalence of mental disorders and low levels of help-seeking for psychological problems. In Chile there are no valid and reliable measures of help-seeking intentions for this group. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the General Help Seeking Questionnaire, vignette version (GHSQ-V) in a sample of university students from southern Chile. Results indicate that the GHSQ-V is a valid instrument, with a two-factor structure that reflects the existence of two dimensions of help-seeking sources (formal and informal), for five mental health problems that are prevalent among university students. Adequate levels of internal consistency and evidence of convergent validity were shown, although variability was found between subscales. The current study confirms the importance of an accurate measurement of help seeking intentions in university students, for a better understanding of a highly relevant process for the treatment of mental health problems in this group.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Psicometria/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento de Busca de Ajuda , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Estudantes , Universidades , Transtornos Mentais , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/terapia
3.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 41(2): 45-52, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225654

RESUMO

Introducción: la adultez emergente en la universidad se caracteriza por una serie de cambios, dentro de los cuales se encuentran los relacionados con los hábitos alimentarios, siendo posible que se adquieran Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo (CAR), las que se asocian a sintomatología de ansiedad, depresión y estrés, ante lo cual el apoyo social puede actuar como factor protector. Objetivo: identificar variables predictoras de CAR, evaluar la prevalencia de estas conductas, identificar las diferencias en CAR por sexo y orientación sexual y analizar la relación entre las variables estudiadas. Método: a una muestra de 601 participantes se le aplicaron los instrumentos: Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo (CBCAR), Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (MSPSS) y Escala abreviada de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Resultados: las variables predictoras de CAR fueron sexo, depresión y estrés, explicando el 17% de la varianza (R2 ajustado = 0,17). Además, las CAR se presentan mayormente en el sexo femenino, donde un 16,9% presenta riesgo alto de CAR, frente a un 8,7% del sexo masculino, siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. También existen diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de estas conductas según la variable orientación sexual. Conclusiones: estos resultados destacan la alta prevalencia de las CAR, su comportamiento según variables sociodemográficas, además de la importancia de la prevención de sintomatología de depresión y estrés como una acción para prevenir las CAR en universitarios, enfatizando además la importancia de prestar particular atención al grupo femenino, por presentar mayor vulnerabilidad respecto a los problemas de alimentación. (AU)


Introduction: emerging adulthood in the university is characterized by a series of changes, among which are those related to eating behaviors, and it is possible that risky eating behaviors (REB) are acquired, which are associated with anxiety symptoms, depression and stress. Social support it can be a protective factor. Objective: identify predictors associated with REB and know the prevalence of these behaviors, analyze the relationship between the variables studied and identify differences by sex and sexual orientation. Method: A sample of 601 participants was studied, to whom the instruments were applied: Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors (CBCAR), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS- 21). Results: the variables sex, depression and stress were found as predictors of REB, explaining 17% of the variance (adjusted R2= 0,17). In addition, REB are mainly present in the female sex, where 16,9% have a high risk of REB, compared to 8,7% of the male sex, the differences being statistically significant. There are also significant differences in the prevalence of these behaviors according to the sexual orientation variable. Conclusion: these results highlight the importance of the prevention of depression and stress symptoms as an action that would allow preventing REB in university students, also emphasizing the importance of paying particular attention to the female group, as they present greater vulnerability with regard to eating problems. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Estudantes , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , Apoio Social , Depressão , Estudos Transversais , Chile/epidemiologia
4.
Ter. psicol ; 38(1): 47-61, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115940

RESUMO

Resumen La adultez emergente es un nuevo periodo evolutivo, que abarca de los 18 a los 29 años. El instrumento más utilizado para evaluarla es el Inventario de Dimensiones de Adultez Emergente (IDEA). El objetivo general del estudio fue evaluar la pertinencia cultural y las características psicométricas del IDEA y de 25 ítems culturales/émicos en una muestra de 589 de universitarios chilenos. Análisis factoriales exploratorios demostraron que el IDEA tiene una estructura similar a la señalada por otro estudio chileno, y los ítems culturales conforman una estructura de tres factores. El análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó un modelo unifactorial de seis indicadores, tres contienen 21 ítems originales del IDEA, y tres conservan 24 ítems culturales formando un solo instrumento, denominado IDEA - extendido, con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. Este instrumento caracteriza la adultez emergente como una sola etapa de vida, que contiene aspectos éticos y émicos, dando un panorama integrado de sus características.


Abstract Emerging adulthood is a new evolutionary period ranging from 18 to 29 years. The most used instrument to evaluate it is the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA). The general objective of the study was to evaluate the cultural relevance and psychometric characteristics of the IDEA and 25 cultural/ emic items in a sample of 589 Chilean university students. Exploratory factorial analysis showed that the IDEA has a similar structure to one indicated by another Chilean study, and the cultural items form a three-factor structure. Confirmatory factorial analysis threw a unifactorial model of six indicators, three of them contain 21 original items of the IDEA, and three conserve 24 cultural items forming a single instrument, called extended - IDEA, with adequate psychometric properties. This instrument characterizes the emerging adulthood as a single stage of life, which contains ethical and emic aspects, giving an integrated view of its characteristics.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Psicometria/métodos , Estudantes/psicologia , Cultura , Universidades , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial
5.
Ter. psicol ; 35(2): 153-158, jul. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-904187

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Negatividad Social de Newsom, la cual mide el efecto negativo de las interacciones sociales en el bienestar individual. Para ello, se seleccionó a 526 universitarios, realizando análisis factorial exploratorio con 50% de la muestra y análisis factorial confirmatorio con el restante 50%. A diferencia de la estructura de cuatro factores sugerida por los autores, los resultados de este estudio indican que la escala tiene una estructura factorial de dos factores, agrupando el primer factor 4 ítems y el segundo 8. Las cargas factoriales fueron superiores a 0,3 y se obtuvieron buenos indicadores de bondad de ajuste. La consistencia interna de la escala, medida con Alfa de Cronbach fue 0,86. La evidencia sugiere que la Escala de Negatividad Social de Newsom es un instrumento válido y confiable que puede ser utilizado en población Chilena.


The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Social Negativity Exchange Scale developed by Newsom et al, which is defined as the negative effect that social interactions have on individual wellbeing. Thus, a sample of five hundred and twenty two (n= 526) college-age students was non-randomly selected. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 50% of them, and then a confirmatory factor analysis with the others. A two-factor solution was identified, with the first factor grouping four items and the second factor eight items. Fit indexes were good, with factorial loadings greater than .3. the total scale reliability was .86. The evidence obtained in this study suggests that the Newsom´s Social Negativity Exchange Scale is a valid and reliable scale to be used with Chilean population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Rejeição em Psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Psicometria , Chile , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Fatorial
6.
Ter. psicol ; 35(1): 47-56, Apr. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-846331

RESUMO

La Adultez Emergente es un periodo de vida entre los 18 y 29 años, culturalmente construido y no de carácter universal. Ante la escasez de estudios en esta etapa en Chile, el objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la Adultez Emergente, y determinar sus rasgos más relevantes en universitarios chilenos, a través de una aproximación cualitativa, desde los protagonistas. Seis grupos focales conformados por 60 universitarios a nivel nacional analizaron los ítems del Inventario de Dimensiones de Adultez Emergente o discutieron sus creencias sobre tres áreas definidas a priori: Identidad y Autoconcepto, Relación con los padres y salida del hogar, y Amor y sexualidad. Se evidencia la presencia de la Adultez Emergente en universitarios, pues las características centrales de la teoría están presentes en este grupo, y se obtiene evidencia de aspectos de carácter cultural propios de los universitarios chilenos, relacionados a la importancia de los vínculos familiares y sociales.


Emerging Adulthood is a period of life between 18 and 29 years old, culturally constructed and not universal. Given the paucity of studies about this developmental stage in Chile, the objective of this research was to characterize Emerging Adulthood and determine its most important features in Chilean university students using a qualitative approach, focused at the protagonists themselves. Six focus groups formed by 60 university students revised the items of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) or discussed their beliefs about three areas defined a priori: Identity and self-concept, Relationship with parents and leaving home, and Love and sexuality. The presence of the Emerging Adulthood stage in university students is evident since its central features are present in this group; also there is evidence of others aspects that belong to cultural characteristics of the own Chilean university students which are related to the importance given to the family and social relationships.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Cultura , Psicologia do Desenvolvimento , Estudantes/psicologia , Chile
7.
Ter. psicol ; 34(1): 53-58, abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-787139

RESUMO

El Optimismo Disposicional se asocia con mejores resultados de salud física y mental. Disponer de instrumentos válidos y confiables para su medición es fundamental. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo confirmar la estructura factorial y la confiabilidad de la versión en Español del Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) en una muestra de 526 estudiantes universitarios Chilenos (65% hombres), cuyo promedio de edad fue 21 años. Se realizó Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, con estimación de máxima verosimilitud, corrección Satorra-Bentler y análisis de consistencia interna. Los resultados confirman una estructura factorial unidimensional de seis ítemes, cargas factoriales superiores a .35 e indicadores de bondad de ajuste excelentes. La confiabilidad del instrumento fue adecuada, estimándose un Alfa de Cronbach equivalente a .72. Los resultados obtenidos, sumado a que esta escala tiene tan sólo seis ítemes, sugieren que el LOT-R es un instrumento válido y confiable, fácilmente utilizable en población Chilena para medir Optimismo Disposicional.


Optimism is a variable associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Thus, a valid and reliable measure that account for this construct is needed. Therefore, this study had as purpose to confirm the factorial structure, and reliability of the Life Orientation Test-Revised Spanish version with a large sample of 526 Chilean College age students (Mage = 21 years old; 65% Male). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis, with Maximum Likelihood, and Satorra-Bentler correction was performed. The internal consistency was estimated with Cronbach Alpha. The results confirmed a single factor solution with six indicators, and factorial loadings greater than .35. The overall goodness of fit is excellent, and the internal consistency was adequate (.72). These results, in addition to the short lenght of the scale, suggest that the LOT-R is a valid and reliable measure of optimism that can be easyly used with Chilean population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Orientação , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Otimismo/psicologia , Chile , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Fatorial , Motivação
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